Trips and pharmaceuticals: implications for India

Trade, TRIPS, and pharmaceuticals.

The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) set global minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property, substantially increasing and expanding intellectual-property rights, and generated clear gains for the pharmaceutical industry and the developed world. The question of whether TRIPS generates gains for developing coun...

Investments in Pharmaceuticals Before and After TRIPS

We examine the relationship between patent protection for pharmaceuticals and investment in development of new drugs. Patent protection has increased around the world as a consequence of the TRIPS Agreement, which specifies minimum levels of intellectual property protection for members of the World Trade Organization. It is generally argued that patents are critical for pharmaceutical research ...

TRIPS, pharmaceuticals, developing countries, and the Doha "solution".

Millets for Food and Nutrition Security in India: Determinants and Policy Implications

Background: Food security has been a target in India since its independence; the primary aim of food security is to ensure enough staple food for the entire population. Although substantial progress was made through the adoption of green revolution (GR) technologies and implementation of the food public distribution system (PDS), desirable food and nutrition security, as defined by the food and...

Car Use Behavioral Study for Commuting Trips: Parents’ Work Trips and Children’s School Trips

Negative consequences of car use along with deficiencies for investment in environmental friendly modes, have driven authorities to search for soft measure in order to encourage people for modal shift. The main objective of this study is to propose a model which describes car use behavior on parents’ work trips and how this relates to mode choice regarding their children’s school trips. A quest...